Monday, 12 February 2018

Asia Tengah, Pusat Peradaban Islam dan Sufi

Islam, pelan tapi pasti, berkembang secara merdeka di Asia Tengah. Meskipun kelak ketika Uni Soviet menjajah Asia Tengah ada cukup banyak kendala bagi kaum Muslim, tetapi itu tidak menghalangi perkembangan kebudayaan Islam di kawasan ini. Menariknya, keislaman yang berkembang di kawasan ini bukan jenis keislaman ortodoks dan puritan yang anti-tradisi dan kebudayaan lokal, melainkan jenis dan praktik keislaman yang menghargai dan mengadopsi aneka ragam tradisi dan budaya lokal, persis seperti yang dulu berkembang di Jawa dan berbagai daerah lain di Indonesia. Maka, jadilah corak keislaman di Asia Tengah itu semacam “Islam heterodoks” atau “folk Islam” dalam istilah antropologi.

Salah satu ciri menonjol dari “folk Islam”  adalah perkembangan tasawuf atau Sufisme. Asia Tengah menjadi salah satu kawasan tertua mengenai tradisi Sufisme atau mistisisme dan tarekat (ordo Sufi). Yasawiyyah atau Yeseviye merupakan salah satu ordo Sufi tertua yang diciptakan oleh Khawaja Ahmad Yasawi (Ahmed Yesevi, w. 1166) dan berkembang bukan hanya di Asia Tengah saja tapi juga di kawasan Islam lain.

Selain guru tarekat, Ahmad Yasawi juga sarjana fiqih Mazhab Hanafi sebagaimana gurunya, Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani (w. 1141), seorang mursyid tarekat Naqsabandiyah di Asia Tengah. Sufisme dan Mazhab Hanafi memang menjadi ciri menonjol keislaman di Asia Tengah, selain Shamanisme.

Dari aspek politik-ekonomi, negara-negara di Asia Tengah mengikuti sistem politik pemerintahan sekuler-republik serta prinsip-prinsip pasar bebas kapitalisme. Ideologi Islamisme yang mengusung “Negara Islam”,khilafah, dan sejenisnya tidak laku di sini. Sejumlah kelompok Islam radikal dan pengusung ideologi Islamisme seperti Ikhwanul Muslimin, Al-Qaidah, atau Hizbut Tahrir tidak mendapatkan tempat di Asia Tengah.

Sejak merdeka dan pisah dari Uni Soviet di awal 1990-an, negara-negara di Asia Tengah mencitrakan diri sebagai kawasan Islam moderat dan modern yang anti-radikalisme, fanatisisme, dan konservatisme. Hasilnya cukup menggembirakan. Tidak seperti negara-negara di kawasan Timur Tengah yang selalu ramai dengan kekerasan, terorisme dan peperangan, kawasan Asia Tengah relatif aman, stabil, dan terhindar dari kekacauan sosial.

Tanah Lahirnya Para Ilmuwan Muslim

Hal lain yang menjadikan Asia Tengah penting dalam sejarah peradaban Islam adalah kawasan ini telah melahirkan banyak teolog, filusuf, sarjana, dan ilmuwan Muslim ternama yang karya-karya agung mereka masih dikenang hingga kini dan menjadi rujukan di timur dan barat.

Di antara mereka adalah (1) Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi (w. 850; ahli matematika, astronomi dan geografi), (2) Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (w. 1048; seorang sarjana polymath yang menguasai berbagai disiplin: matematika, fisika, astronomi, ilmu alam, sejarah, bahasa, dan sebagainya. Oleh Profesor Akbar Ahmed, al-Biruni juga dianggap sebagai antropolog pertama, karena melalui karyanya, Kitab al-Hind, ia menggunakan metode etnografi untuk mengkaji struktur masyarakat, sistem agama, dan kebudayaan masyarakat India), (3) Farabi (seorang filsuf, ahli hukum dan ilmuwan politik), (4) Ibnu Sina (seorang dokter dan ilmuwan ternama yang karyanya mampu mempengaruhi kelahiran ilmu-ilmu medis di Timur Tengah, Eropa, dan India).

Juga tidak kalah penting adalah Imam Ghazali (w. 1111), seorang penulis prolifik dan sarjana kenamaan, teolog, ahli hukum, dan mistikus legendaris. Setidaknya dua ahli hadis ternama yang buku-bukunya menjadi rujukan umat Islam juga berasal dari Asia Tengah, yaitu Imam Bukhari (kelahiran Bukhara, Uzbekistan) dan Imam Nasai (kelahiran Nasa, Turkmenistan). Ahli astronomi ternama, Abu Mahmud Khojandi, juga berasal dari Asia Tengah, tepatnya Khujand, Tajikistan. Dan masih banyak lagi.

What is Tasawwuf (Sufism), and is it forbidden in Islam?

What is Tasawwuf (Sufism), and is it forbidden in Islam?
Some Islamic scholars consider Sufism to be Shirk. Is this true?
What are we talking about here?
Keller thinks that the word “Sufi,” referring to a kind of person, came first, and then that tasawwuf arose as the description of a person like that, what they do, and this seems likely to me. So tasawwuf would be the description of some practice or common characteristic of people called “Sufi.” Everyone who is called “Sufi”? The word has come to be very widely and loosely applied. So, if we care about fundamentals, no, not everyone.
Sufism, the Wikipedia article, seems pretty good to me, if one sets aside the accidents of language and the hosts of assumptions. For example, the article starts with
Sufism or Tasawwuf[1] (Arabic: تصوف‎‎), is defined as the inner mystical dimension of Islam.
Okay, that’s true. If one understands what “mystical” means. My guess is that few could define it

well. We could leave out the word “mystical” there without changing the meaning. And using that word conjures up something that is extraneous and confusing. Dump it. How is “mysticism” different from “dealing with reality”? (Hint: it isn’t, unless it is, in which case we would need to go into fundamental ontology. Let’s stick with tasawwuf, that’s enough for today.)
The article then talks about “Sufis” as followers of “Masters,” when it would be much closer to say that some people follow Sufis who followed Sufis, and on back, but this is what I call the “leaky bucket.” If you don’t keep filling the bucket from the Source, after a time, what is being passed on is empty. A real Sufi will fill the bucket, because the Sufi is living as is then described:
Sufis strive for ihsan (perfection of worship) as detailed in a hadith: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you."
Continuing the bucket analogy, someone might come across the spring, the source, without being connected with that silsila, that chain of transmission. Is water only water if it is passed down with the leaky bucket?
No. Water is water and is available as it has always been available, from the beginning of the human relationship with reality. However, people do both, sit with those who sat with those who sat with those who sat with the Prophet, and all that, and find the water and not only drink it, but immerse themselves in it … and pass it on, by the permission of Allah.
So is this “forbidden”? I mean, by now, does that question still exist?
However, then, in the Details, we have “scholars” talking about “shirk.” What shirk? Well, it is alleged that “Sufis” do this or that.
There are practices that uneducated people CALL Tasawwuf that are shirk. For example, some people pray to the grave of a shaykh. That is shirk and NOT Tasawwuf. Also some people engage in wild dancing, calling it Tasawwuf. This is not part of the Sunnah.
“Uneducated people?” Aren’t we talking about “some scholars”? Are they “uneducated”? Perhaps. But then there are those who are mentioned in the Qur’an as “donkeys carrying books.” Does the Qur’an deprecate learning. Certainly not! But there is learning that was not accompanied by the development of insight. If a “scholar” talks about tasawwuf and equates it, with its ancient traditions, with the practices of those who may be corrupt, that would show the lack of depth of understanding characteristic of a donkey. Actually that insults donkeys.
I would greatly prefer to sit with this Donkey, than with the corrupt among the scholars. The donkey would remind me of the wisdom and generosity of Allah, and the merits of patience and trust.
Let’s dispose of this. I was introduced to Islam by “Sufis.” When I pointed that out in discussion here, one fellow asked me if I prayed to graves. Because, brother, that’s forbidden. So some kid barely old enough to know how to clean himself is telling someone easily old enough to be his grandfather, what’s so, forgetting that the people of arrogance cannot enter the Garden. Okay, maybe he just wants to help. I get that. However …. did he listen to the response? Is he learning from those who came before, or is he following his own nafs?
No, I saw no sign that he was listening, seeking closeness to God, or even to another human being. If you are Muslim and you have been awake, you have met these people. If is even possible you have been one. (It is easy to fall into the idea that it’s our job to guide everyone else. Nice intention, perhaps, but do not get stuck there. It’s a dangerous place. So get over it, as quickly as possible.)
Basically, I’ve known many who follow many different forms of tasawwuf. Not once has a teacher in any of these lines prayed to a grave or encouraged anyone to do so. That doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen, it might, somewhere, the world is vast.
It can be, however, difficult to distinguish respect for those who came before from worship. What matters is the underlying faith, and judging this in others can be difficult, and next to useless. The object of our scrutiny, if we are concerned about ihsan, is our own stand, our own being. Period.
Respect is a mark of faith. Hatred and contempt are the marks of Satan. Know them by their marks.
Now, what about “wild dancing”? What is that? I’ve seen some youtube videos of some men moving rhythmically. Some of it looks wild to me. But those are of unclear origin.
I never saw that, like that, in person, but have seen and have participated in hadra, which is a collective practice of dhikrullah, in this case saying a name or names of God, repetitively, with movements. Is that forbidden? It could be considered to be an innovation. Dancing was allowed by the Prophet, there is a well-known hadith, but it wasn’t “religious.” Dhikrullah is clearly a form of worship, focusing the mind on Allah. The practical experience is one of “purification,” that is, of the mind being cleared of everything but the presence of God.
There are those who disapprove. I will leave them to be judged by their lord.
What if it works?
Umar Suharwardy
1. What is Tassawuf?

"Know that Tassawuf is two things:
Truthfulness with Allah Almighty and good conduct with people. Anyone who practices these two things is a Sufi."
~ Imam Al Ghazali.

2. Is it Forbidden in Islam?

There are Four Core Foundations of Tassawuf (Sufism) , those are ;

1.Tariqat
2.Marifat
3.Shariat (Adherence to Islamic Laws, Rules, Principles, Practices and Values).
4.Haqiqat

So Shariat (Adherence to Islamic Rules and Practices) isn't only important but Essential and forms the Core of Tassawuf, without which the latter is Impossible to Realize and hence  Practice. All of the great Sufis like Hazrat Junaid al-Baghdadi , Shaykh Abul Qadir Jilani , Sirri As-Saqati , Ba Yazid Bustami, Imam Al-Ghazali , Data Ali Al-Hujwiri have cautioned us against following the ones who don't adhere to the Laws of Shariah, they say that such a lot can be anything but Sufis.

So, ‘Sufism isn't a Sect’, In-Fact Sufism refers to the branch of Islamic Knowledge that is concerned with Spiritual Development of a Muslim. Note that Tassawuf isn't what its Opponents Claim it is Just like Islam isn't what its rejectors Claim it to be.

Know that Tassawuf is two things: Truthfulness with Allah Almighty and good conduct with people. Anyone who practices these two things is a Sufi (Imam Al-Ghazali).

Although there is no evidence that the word “Tassawuf” (the Arabic word for Sufism) was used by the Prophet (Peace be upon Him), he certainly used the word ‘Ihsan’ or 'Spiritual Sincerity'. Sufi Shaykhs have said that Sufism itself is nothing other than this Ihsan/Sincerity or the Perfect Following of the way of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him and His Family), both Inner and Outer.

STRICT Adherence to the Prophetic Sunnah / Shariah.

  • Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi states that his Spiritual Master Sirri As-Saqati prayed in the following words:
جعلك اﷲ صاحب حديث صوفيا و لاجعلك صوفيا صاحب حديث
May Allah first make you a Muhaddith (Scholar of Ahadith or Prophetic Traditions) then a Sufi and not firstly a Sufi then a Muhaddith.
Refrence : As quoted by Imam Al-Ghazali in His Ihya Uloom Ad-Din.

  • Another Supreme Sufi, Hazrat Data Ali Hijwiri writes:

“A group of heretics have joined the Sufis. They preach that once obedience to Shariah is intensified to such an extent that Wilayah (Sainthood) is achieved, Ta’at (obedience to the Laws of Shariah) is no longer necessary. This is an incorrect and false claim. In the path of truth, there is absolutely no stage where Ta’at becomes redundant”.
As Quoted By Data Ali Hijwiri in his Kashf al Mahjoob, Page 312.

P.S: So If a Thing is Considered Shirk or Irreligious by Shariah and Shariah being Core to Tassawuf, Tassawuf will also have it that way. 'No going away from the Shariah' is the Principle Tassawuf  rests upon.

These answers might also Help;

Umar Suharwardy's answer to Would there be a clash in a marriage where the husband is Sufi and the wife is Sunni? Or are the two sectors compatible?

Umar Suharwardy's answer to What do sufis say about Shariyat?
Omar Chad
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, The Beneficent, and the Merciful. Master of the Day of Judgment, and Allah’s peace and blessings be upon His Messenger ,and the prophet's family, his companions, and all those who follow them till the Day of Resurrection.
Answer is:
Did this practice existed in the time of the Prophet (ﷺ)?
Obviously,the answer is no!
So this is an innovation in Islam!
And what does Islam say on innovation[bid'ah] in religion?
Bid’ah is taken from the word Al-Bada’ meaning to create something without precedence. One needs to distinguish between the two kinds of bid’ah. The first type is innovation in matters of the world in technology, medicine, computers, etc. This is allowed because it involves matters of life. The second kind of bid’ah is innovation in matters of religion, and this is the bid’ah which this article is focusing on.
Aisha reported that the prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever innovates into this affair of ours something that we have not commanded it is to be rejected" (Hadith narrated by Bukhari and Muslim)
Jabir Ibn Abdallah said that the prophet (ﷺ) said, "To proceed: The best speech is the Book of Allah and the best guidance and example is that of Muhammad, and the worse of all things are the newly invented things (in the religion), for every innovation is a error and a misguidance." (Muslim) "…Every innovation is a going astray and every going astray is in the fire." (Tirmidhi)
This shows us there are no acceptable innovations in Islam. People often point to the statement of Umar when talking about the tarawih prayer in Ramadan, "What a good bid’ah this is." We can see Umar simply revived the praying of tarawih and it was not something which he did which was not done by the prophet (ﷺ). We can not do something in Islam which was not done by the prophet (ﷺ) and the Sahaba (companions) of Prophet (ﷺ).
Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) says (translation):
[( 5:3)This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion]
Our religion is already perfect, so doing some deed which is not found in the Quran and Sunnah, one seems to think they have come up with a better version of Islam than Allah revealed did. May Allah keep us away from doing such deeds. For Allah tells us about doing something other than the way of the prophet (ﷺ) did:
[(24:62) And let those who oppose the Messenger’s way beware, lest some conflict befall them or a painful torment be inflicted on them.]
Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) has warned us by telling us what happened to the people of the Book.
[(5:77-78)Say, O people of the Book exceed not the bounds in your religion, trespassing beyond the truth. Nor follow the vain desires of people who went astray in times gone by, who mislead many and strayed from the even way. Curses were pronounced on those among the children of Israel who were disbelievers, by the tongue of David and of Jesus son of Mary, because they disobeyed and persisted in excesses.]
We can also see another consequence of falling into bid’ah by the following Hadith, the prophet (ﷺ) said, "Verily I shall proceed you to the Fountain (Al-Kawthar). Whosoever will pass by me shall drink (from it) and never get thirsty. People whom I know and who will know me will certainly come to me for drink but there will be a barrier between them and me. Then I will say, "Verily they are of me.’ It will be said, ‘You certainly do not know what bid’ah (innovation) they made after you.’ Then I shall say, "Be off those who made bid’ah after me.’ (Hadith narrated by Bukhari and Muslim)
Abdullah Ibn Masood narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) drew a line for us and then said, ‘This is Allah’s Straight Path.’ Then he drew lines to its right and left, then he said, ‘These are paths, upon every one of them there is a devil calling towards it.’ (Hadith narrated by Ahmad)
The perfect knowledge belongs to Allah (سبحانه وتعالى).
Asad Jaleel
People define Tasawwuf differently but a pretty fair definition is that Tasawwuf is a non-obligatory set of traditions within Islam aiming to develop the faculties of the soul. In practice, it can involve nafl salat (non-obligatory prayer), nafl sawm (non-obligatory fasting) and other worship. It also includes habits of character like humbling one's self or being moderate in spending.
There are practices that uneducated people CALL Tasawwuf that are shirk. For example, some people pray to the grave of a shaykh. That is shirk and NOT Tasawwuf. Also some people engage in wild dancing, calling it Tasawwuf. This is not part of the Sunnah.
There's a beautiful saying, “Be a Sufi Faqih.” You could translate this, “be a spiritual scholar of the law.” That means that the ideal Muslim develops spirituality but with proper respect for the rules of Islam.
Abbas Nderi
Sufism, in layman’s terms, is the way to God in Islam via emotions and spirituality, rather than via reason.
It is not a corrupt means, as defined by Islam. There have been many great Sufi scholars, and there have been many scholars of all branches of Islam whom have been Sufist as well.
However, it is associated with corrupt movements, more prevalent in Sufism than other branches of Islam, that are completely irrational. These movements enlist young, enthusiastic Muslims with the promise of “no need to work hard or think hard, just follow these recipes and you’ll reach God”, and hence have given Sufism a kind of “mystical” feeling.
Islam does acknowledge all human dimensions, from reason to emotions to spirituality to inner peace, and all of these, when strengthened properly, are a means of salvation and finding God. However, this does not mean that others can be ignored, and this is repeatedly mentioned in Quran.
The way of the Sufi, is that reason, is the slow, steady process, whereas spirituality and emotion is the wild, fast process. That does not mean that Sufism denies reason, but rather, it requires reason as the first, building block of faith, and then builds up on top of it using emotions and spirituality, usually advancing much faster than reason alone.
Danish Abbasi
Sufi word comes from Arabic word suff, where they use to wear woolen caps made of suff.

In the mind of a common man when he hears the word Sufi he starts thinking of few people wearing long caps and long kurtas and dancing in circles. And I was one of those common man until I was exposed to the haqeeqi tssawwuf .

The real Sufism is not dancing in circles and playing on music. The real Sufism is sacrificing your desires for Allah.

I'll give you a little background of the teachings included in Sufism:
Basically we are made up of two things.
Our jism (the body) and the soul ( rooh).
The body came from this earth while the soul is from the arsh.
Allah created the things. Whatever was above the Arsh was made in an instant, Allah said kun- be and it is!
While the earth was made in a period of time which is in the knowledge of Allah. Same mechanism if we apply on our body..
The body requires so much time to develop to be a fully fledged baby. The cells divide and form embryo and later its called fetus and then finally after 9 months the baby is born.  While soul is from the arsh and it was made in an instant.

Sufism is about growing the soul and suppressing the nafs.
The things which are required for a body to grow comes from the earth for eg. The food we eat is from the ground, the house we live in is made of Bricks and sand which is from ground, the clothes we wear are from ground. Hence whatever the things which are required for growing the body comes from the ground.
So to grow our soul we would require the things which are from the arsh.
That is the zikr of Allah , fasting , reading quran, prayer, giving charity, helping people etc will help grow our soul.
The true happiness in this world is the happiness of soul.
What Comes from the ground can never make us happy!

Also it includes the true ishq with Allah. Cleansing our hearts through zikr of Allah, which makes easy the noor of Allah to enter our heart.
Muraqabah is done by many sufis of naqshbandi tariqa. It is done by closing your eyes and looking into your soul and clearing your mind of every single thought and thinking that you are sitting under the arsh of Allah and there is nothing around you and Allah's blessings are entering your heart and your heart is calling out Allah!

Sufism is not forbidden is islam. Yes the practices such as dancing and music and doing sajdah to the shaykh etc are forbidden.
The real Sufi is the one who fears only Allah and fights against the falsehood.

If you are interested in knowing more about Sufism refer to this website:
https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=...
Kent Palmer
Sufism within the context of Isalm is a dedication to spiritual practice as it is defined through the Quran, and Sunna of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers. Islam is defined in the famous hadith when the Angel Jabril comes to the Prophet Muhammad and asks him questions in plain sight of the Muslim community of the time. In that hadith (saying) the Jabil answers his own questions at the prompting of the Prophet Muhammad. The questions are about the nature of Islam (ourtward practice), Iman (belief), Ihsan (witnessing). Sufis are those within the history of Islam who are interested most in Ihsan within the framework established by Islam and Iman. Ihsan is knowing that although you do not see God he sees you and everything you do. Thus there is witnessing of our actions by God who will hold us to account for those actions. Sufis strive for knowledge of God, which is called Gnosis in western religious parlance. But this has nothing to do with Gnosticism as it appear in Christianity.

Sufism traditionally is a wholly Islamic spiritual phenomena based on Quran and Hadith of the Prophet but eventually incorporating other practices created by later Sufic religions leaders. These religious leaders are generally referred to as Shaykhs, which is just a general term of respect, but in sufism it means a spiritual guide or mentor who will take you toward God.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism
Cæsar Dicāx
I am aspiring to be a Sufi, and i can tell you that most of people who criticize Sufism don’t know anything about it and even didn’t read a single book by a Sufi head.
You have someone like “Ibn Arabi” who was and still being accused of polytheism as most people thought he preached Pantheism “which means in simple terms that God = The Universe” _ So according to this idea of Pantheism; You, Me, all people, all animals, the oceans, the trees..etc are collectively called God, which is a riducoulous idea. Even Ibn Arabi in the end of his huge book “Al-Futuhat Al Makkiya” stated that he believes in strict monotheism and he believes that God is transcendental from his creatures, but he is still being accused of Apostasy, witchcraft, polytheism..etc.
You may ask why? __ The answer was given by Ibn Arabi himself, he said that Sufis use vocabulary that laymen don’t understand, and can interpret it as Shirk “i.e. polytheism”. Also, Sufis have a really beautiful saying; The more huge the experience, the less capable are the words. Which means that Words can’t describe the joy and awakening that they experience in their relation with God.

Sunday, 11 February 2018

What is Sufism?

Sufism is a way of life in which a deeper identity is discovered and lived. This deeper identity, beyond the already known personality, is in harmony with all that exists. This deeper identity, or essential self, has abilities of awareness, action, creativity and love that are far beyond the abilities of the superficial personality. Eventually it is understood that these abilities belong to a greater life and being which we individualize in our own unique way while never being separate from it.
Sufism is less a doctrine or a belief system than an experience and way of life. It is a tradition of enlightenment that carries the essential truth forward through time. Tradition, however, must be conceived in a vital and dynamic sense. Its expression must not remain limited to the religious and cultural forms of the past. The truth of Sufism requires reformulation and fresh expression in every age.
Reformulation does not mean that Sufism will compromise its challenge to a stubbornly materialistic society. It is and will remain a critic of “worldliness” — by which it is meant everything that causes us to be forgetful of the Divine reality. It is and must be a way out of the labyrinth of a secular, commercial culture. Most importantly, however, it is an invitation to meaningfulness and well-being.
Sufism, as we know it, developed within the cultural matrix of Islam. The Islamic revelation presented itself as the expression of the essential message brought to humanity by the prophets of all ages. The Qur’an recognizes the validity of 120,000 prophets or messengers who have come to awaken us from our selfish egoism and remind us of our spiritual nature. The Qur’an confirmed the validity of past revelations, while asserting that the original message was often distorted over the course of time.
Sufism’s claim to universality is founded on the broad recognition that there is only one God, the God of all people and all true religions. Sufism understands itself to be the wisdom realized by the great prophets — explicitly including Jesus, Moses, David, Solomon, and Abraham, among others, and implicitly including other unnamed enlightened beings of every culture.
In the Western world today diverse groups exist under the name of Sufism. On the one hand there are those who would say that no true Sufism can exist without appreciation and practice of the principles of Islam. On the other hand some groups exist that more or less ignore the Islamic roots of Sufism and take their teaching from further downstream, from “Sufis” who may or may not have had contact with specifically Islamic teachings.
We could say that there are those who accept Sufism as both form and essence, and there are others who are Sufi in essence but not in form. In my opinion, an appreciation and understanding of the Qur’an, the sayings of Muhammad, and historical Sufism is invaluable to the wayfarer on the Sufi path.
Historically, Sufism was not conceived as separate from the essence of Islam. Its teachers all traced their enlightenment through a chain of transmission going back to Muhammad. While they may have disagreed with certain interpretations of Islam, they never questioned the essential validity of the Qur’anic revelation; nor were they fundamentalists in the sense of rigidly interpreting that revelation or discrediting other faiths. Most often they represented the highest achievements within Islamic culture and were a force of tolerance and moderation.
Over fourteen centuries the broad Sufi tradition has contributed a body of literature second to none on earth. Somehow the guiding principles of the Qur’an and the heroic virtue of Muhammad and his companions provided an impetus that allowed a spirituality of love and consciousness to flourish. Those who follow the Sufi path today are the inheritors of an immense treasure of wisdom literature.
Beginning from its roots at the time of Muhammad, Sufism has organically grown like a tree with many branches. The cause of the branching has usually been the appearance of an enlightened teacher whose methods and contributions to the teaching have been enough to initiate a new line of growth. These branches generally do not see each other as rivals. A Sufi, in some cases, may be initiated into more than one branch in order to receive the grace (baraka) and knowledge of particular order.
There is little cultishness in the work of Sufis. Sufis of one order may, for instance, visit the gatherings of another order. Even the charisma of a particular teacher is always viewed from the perspective that this gift is owed entirely to God. The charisma is valuable in so far as it may bind the hearts of students to a human being who is the truth of the teaching, but many safeguards exist to remind everyone that personality worship and inordinate pride in one’s affiliation are forms of idolatry, the greatest “sin.”
If Sufism recognizes one central truth, it is the unity of being, that we are not separate from the Divine. The unity of being is a truth which our age is in an excellent position to appreciate — emotionally, because of the shrinking of our world through communications and transportation, and intellectually, because of developments in modern physics. We are One: one people, one ecology, one universe, one being. If there is a single truth, worthy of the name, it is that we are all integral to the Truth, not separate. The realization of this truth has its effects on our sense of who we are, on our relationships to others and to all aspects of life. Sufism is about realizing the current of love that runs through human life, the unity behind forms.
If Sufism has a central method, it is the development of presence and love. Only presence can awaken us from our enslavement to the world and our own psychological processes. And only love, cosmic love, can comprehend the Divine. Love is the highest activation of intelligence, for without love nothing great would be accomplished, whether spiritually, artistically, socially, or scientifically.
Sufism is the attribute of those who love. The lover is someone who is purified by love, free of himself and his own qualities, and fully attentive to the Beloved. This is to say that the Sufi is not held in bondage by any quality of his own because he sees everything he is and has as belonging to the Source. Shebli said: “The Sufi sees nothing except God in the two worlds.”
This book is about one aspect of Sufism — presence — how it can be developed and how it can be used to activate our essential human qualities. Abu Muhammad Muta’ish says: “The Sufi is he whose thought keeps pace with his foot — i.e., he is entirely present: his soul is where his body is, and his body is where his soul is, and his soul where his foot is, and his foot where his soul is. This is the sign of presence without absence. Others say on the contrary: ‘He is absent from himself but present with God.’ It is not so: he is present with himself and present with God.”
We live in a culture that has been described as materialistic, alienating, neurotically individualistic, narcissistic, and yet ridden with anxiety, shame, and guilt. From the Sufi point of view humanity today is suffering under the greatest tyranny, the tyranny of the ego. We “worship” innumerable false idols, but all of them are forms of the ego.
There are so many ways for the human ego to usurp even the purest spiritual values. The true Sufi is the one who makes no claims to virtue or truth but who lives a life of presence and selfless love. More important than what we believe is how we live. If certain beliefs lead to exclusiveness, self-righteousness, fanaticism, it is the vanity of the “believer” that is the problem. If the remedy increases the sickness, an even more basic remedy is called for.
The idea of “presence with love” may be the most basic remedy for the prevailing materialism, selfishness, and unconsciousness of our age. In our obsession with our false selves, in turning our backs on God, we have also lost our essential Self, our own divine spark. In forgetting God, we have forgotten ourselves. Remembering god is the beginning of remembering ourselves.
An excerpt from Living Presence: A Sufi Way to Mindfulness & the Essential Self
Available from Threshold Books
Published by Jeremy Tarcher, Inc.

Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?

The New York Time

Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?



Sufism is a mystical form of Islam, a school of practice that emphasizes the inward search for God and shuns materialism. It has produced some of the world’s most beloved literature, like the love poems of the 13th century Iranian jurist Rumi. Its modern-day adherents cherish tolerance and pluralism, qualities that in many religions unsettle extremists.
But Sufism, often known as Islamic mysticism, has come under violent attack in recent years. On Friday, militants stormed a Sufi mosque on the Sinai Peninsula, killing at least 305 people in what officials are calling the worst terrorist attack in Egypt’s modern history. The attack followed several assaults on Sufi shrines in Pakistan over the past year carried out by Sunni extremists. (The vast majority of Sufis are Sunni, though some are Shiite.)
What is this form of Islamic belief, and why has it come under assault?
Photo
Sufis during a religious festival this month in Lahore, Pakistan. Credit Arif Ali/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The roots and practices of Sufism

Sufism, known as tasawwuf in the Arabic-speaking world, is a form of Islamic mysticism that emphasizes introspection and spiritual closeness with God.
While it is sometimes misunderstood as a sect of Islam, it is actually a broader style of worship that transcends sects, directing followers’ attention inward. Sufi practice focuses on the renunciation of worldly things, purification of the soul and the mystical contemplation of God’s nature. Followers try to get closer to God by seeking spiritual learning known as tariqa.
Confusion about Sufism is common, even among Muslims, according to Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, an American Sufi cleric of Egyptian descent who preached in New York City for many years and founded the Cordoba House, which promotes a moderate image of Islam in the West.
Continue reading the main story
“It is nothing more than the spiritual dimension” of Islam, the cleric, who goes by Imam Feisal, said in a phone interview. “It is Islam, but we focus on meditation, on chanting sessions, which enable the Muslim to have his or her heart open. The myths people have about Sufis are analogous to the myths people have about Muslims.”
For a time, beginning in the 12th century, Sufism was a mainstay of the social order for Islamic civilization, and since that time it has spread throughout the Muslim world, and to China, West Africa and the United States. As Sufism spread, it adapted elements of local culture and belief, making it a popular practice.
Alexander D. Knysh, a professor of Islamic studies at the University of Michigan and expert in modern Sufism, describes it as a “very wide, amorphous movement” practiced within both the Sunni and Shiite traditions.
Sufism has shaped literature and art for centuries, and is associated with many of the most resonant pieces of Islam’s “golden age,” lasting from roughly the eighth through 13th centuries, including the poetry of Rumi.
In modern times, the predominant view of Sufi Islam is one of “love, peace, tolerance,” Mr. Knysh explained, leading to this style of worship becoming synonymous with peace-loving Islam.
Photo
A funeral for victims of a suicide bombing targeting Sufi Muslims in Pakistan in February. Credit Asif Hassan/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Why extremists have targeted Sufis

While some Muslims view Sufis as quirky, even eccentric, some fundamentalists and extremists see Sufism as a threat, and its adherents as heretics or apostates.
In February, militants aligned with the Islamic State attacked worshipers at the tomb of a Sufi philosopher in a remote part of southern Pakistan, killing more than 80 people, whom the militants described as polytheists. Sufis praying at the tombs of saints — a practice core to the group — have also been attacked in India and the Middle East.
The Islamic State targets Sufis because it believes that only a fundamentalist form of Sunni Islam is valid.
Some fundamentalists see the reverence for saints, which is common in Shiite Islam, as a form of idolatry, because in their view it shows devotion to something other than the worship of a singular God. Some consider Sufis to be apostate, because saints were not part of the original practice of Islam at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, who died in 632.
“The opponents of Sufism see the shrines and these living saints as idols,” Mr. Knysh explained. “Their existence and their worship violates the main principle of Islam, which is the uniqueness of God and the uniqueness of the object of worship.”
Even though Sunni hard-liners have long viewed Sufis as well as Shiites as heretical, terrorist networks like Al Qaeda and the Islamic State have debated whether killing them is justified.
The two terrorist groups have clashed over whether to focus on the “far enemy,” powerful Western countries like the United States, or the “near enemy,” repressive governments in the Muslim world. Early in the Iraq war, when the Islamic State’s predecessor organization targeted Iraq’s Shiite majority, in the hopes of promoting sectarian conflict, Al Qaeda criticized the Iraqi group’s leader at the time, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, for doing so.
When a branch of Al Qaeda captured northern Mali in 2012, militants used pickaxes and bulldozers to destroy the ancient mausoleums of Sufi saints in Timbuktu. But documents recovered in northern Mali revealed that the militants in Mali had acted without the permission of their leaders, who wrote to express their dismay, arguing that the destruction — while theologically justified — was unwise because it caused the population to turn against them.
Though Al Qaeda has also targeted Sufi sites, the Islamic State has set itself apart by calling for brutal attacks against Sufis.
Photo
A Sufi religious festival in Tanta, Egypt, in 2008. Credit Shawn Baldwin for The New York Times

The status of Sufis in Egypt

While no group has yet claimed responsibility for Friday’s attack, it bore some of the hallmarks of previous assaults on Coptic Christians in Egypt. In the fall of 2016, Islamic State’s local affiliate claimed to have executed a Sufi cleric who was about 100 years old.
The religious objections of fundamentalists to the Sufi style of worship may not be the only factor behind the attacks on Sufis.
Experts say the amicable ties between Sufis and the Egyptian government may also be factor, giving the attack a political dimension. Egypt’s president, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who took power after the military overthrew a democratically elected Islamist president, Mohamed Morsi, has vowed to do a better job at protecting religious minorities, who were shunned when Mr. Morsi’s party, the Muslim Brotherhood, was in power. By killing Sufis, the militants may be trying to undermine Mr. Sisi’s authority.
Like its counterparts in several other Muslim-majority countries, Egypt’s government supports the Sufis because it sees them as members of a moderate, manageable faction who are unlikely to engage in political activity, because their priorities are oriented inwardly.
Sufi sheikhs generally accept the legitimacy of the state, leading to tensions with Muslims who oppose their governments and are willing to act on their dissatisfaction — with violence if necessary.
“They think the society is moving in the wrong direction and Sufis are aiding and abetting the authorities on this corrupt path,” Mr. Knysh said. “In ways, their reasons are very much political. They say, ‘If Sufis support this, we will be against them,’ more or less.”
Imam Feisal said that attacks on Sufi worshipers, besides being a “major sin,” are the result of the politicization of religion in the region over the past few decades. Egypt, in particular, he said, is a place where that politicization has fueled extremism.
“When religion becomes politicized,” Imam Feisal said, “it is not good.”

Saturday, 10 February 2018

Ini Tanda-tanda Waliyullah Menurut Ibnu Athaillah

Ini Tanda-tanda Waliyullah Menurut Ibnu Athaillah
(Copyright kampoengsufi.com)
Setiap rasul mengandung sifat kerasulan, kenabian, dan kewalian. Hanya saja setelah Nabi Muhammad SAW, sifat kenabian dan kerasulan tertutup. Pintu terbuka hingga kini adalah kewalian. Sifat kewalian ini yang masih melekat pada beberapa orang di tengah-tengah kita.

Kalau para nabi dan rasul bersifat makshum (terjaga dari maksiat), maka para wali Allah bersifat mahfuzh(selalu dalam bimbingan Allah baik dalam taat maupun dalam khilaf).

Syekh Ibnu Athaillah mengatakan bahwa Allah menyatakan sebagian wali-Nya dan menyembunyikan sebagian lain di tengah masyarakat. Tetapi semua wali-Nya menjadi tanda bagi masyarakat atas kehadiran-Nya.

قال رضي الله عنه سبحان من لم يجعل الدليل على أوليائه إلا من حيث الدليل عليه ولم يوصل إليهم إلا من أراد أن يوصله إليه

Artinya, “Mahasuci Allah yang tidak menjadikan tanda bagi para wali-Nya selain tanda yang menunjukkan ada-Nya. Mahasuci Allah yang tidak ‘mempertemukan’ kepada para wali selain orang yang dikehendaki sampai kepada-Nya.”

Lalu bagaimana kita dapat mengerti kehadiran wali Allah? Ini yang sulit. Pasalnya, para wali juga manusia biasa seperti hamba Allah lainnya. Hal ini tercantum pada keterangan Syekh Ibnu Abbad berikut ini.

وسمعته يقول يعنى شيخه أبا العباس رضي الله عنه يقول معرفة الولي أصعب من معرفة الله فإن الله معروف بكماله وجماله وحتى ومتى تعرف مخلوقا مثلك يأكل كما تأكل ويشرب كما تشرب وقال فيه وإذا أراد الله أن يعرفك بولي من أوليائه طوى عنك وجود بشريته وأشهدك وجود خصوصيته اهـ

Artinya, “Aku (Syekh Ibnu Athaillah) mendengarnya (maksudnya adalah gurunya), Syekh Abul Abbas Al-Mursi berkata, ‘Mengenal wali lebih sulit dari mengenal Allah. Allah dapat dikenali dengan kesempurnaan dan keindahan-Nya. tetapi kapan kau bisa mengenali tanda wali, makhluk sepertimu. Ia makan sebagaimana kamu makan, ia minum sebagaimana kamu minum.’ Ibnu Athaillah berkata di Latha’iful Minan, ‘Kalau Allah menghendakimu kenal dengan salah satu walinya, Allah melipat unsur manusiawinya di matamu dan Allah memperlihatkanmu keistimewaannya,’” (Lihat Syekh Ibnu Abbad, Syarhul Hikam, Semarang, Maktabah Al-Munawwir, tanpa catatan tahun, juz II, halaman 2).

Meskipun demikian, secara umum para wali dapat teridentifikasi. Minimal mereka mengandung tiga sifat berikut ini sebagaimana keterangan Syekh Zarruq.

ثم الولي يعرف بثلاث: إيثار الحق، والإعراض عن الخلق، والتزام السنة بالصدق

Artinya, “Tetapi waliyullah itu dapat dikenali dengan tiga tanda: mengutamakan Allah, (hatinya) berpaling dari makhluk-Nya, dan berpegang pada syariat Nabi Muhammad SAW dengan benar,” (Lihat Syekh Zarruq, Syarhul Hikam, As-Syirkatul Qaumiyyah, 2010 M/1431 H, halaman 133).

Meskipun Syekh Zarruq menyebutkan demikian, kita tetap sulit menunjuk hidung siapa wali Allah di tengah kita. Mereka beribadah sebagaimana kita. Mereka juga kadang berbuat khilaf seperti kita. Mereka berpakaian seperti kita. Mereka juga entah apa profesi kesehariannya. Hanya bedanya, mereka terjaga dari penyakit batin dan mereka menjaga adab kepada Allah saat berbuat taat maupun saat berbuat maksiat karena kuasa-Nya atas bimbingan-Nya.

Mereka sama sekali tak terduga. Karena sulitnya menentukan mereka, kita hanya bisa berlaku husnuzzhan (berbaik sangka) kepada setiap orang. Semoga dengan menghormati para kekasih Tuhan itu, kita dapat kelimpahan rahmat-Nya. Amiiin, ya Rabbal alamin. Wallahu a‘lam. (Alhafiz K)

www.nu.or.id

Thursday, 8 February 2018

Tarekat: Jalan untuk Mendekatkan Diri Pada Allah

Tarekat: Jalan untuk Mendekatkan Diri Pada Allah

Sesungguhnya hakikat tanpa syariat adalah batal dan syariat tanpa hakikat maka tidak berarti.

Sesuai dengan kodratnya, manusia senantiasa berhasrat untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. Dan, Allah pun telah menunjukkan jalan itu kepada umat manusia. Dalam surah Al-Baqarah ayat 186 Allah berfirman: ''Dan, apabila hamba-hamba-Ku bertanya kepadamu tentang Aku, maka (jawablah), bahwasanya Aku adalah dekat. Aku mengabulkan permohonan orang yang berdoa kepada-Ku.''

Dalam ayat lain, dikatakan: ''Dan, kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat, maka ke mana pun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah. Sesungguhnya Allah Mahaluas (rahmatnya) lagi Maha Mengetahui. (QS Al-Baqarah: 115). Pada surah Qaaf ayat 16 disebutkan: ''Dan, sesungguhnya Kami menciptakan manusia dan mengetahui apa yang dibisikkan oleh hatinya. Dan, Kami lebih dekat kepadanya dari urat lehernya.''

Allah telah menunjukkan jalan kepada manusia untuk mendekati-Nya. Di antaranya, dengan mendirikan shalat sebagai bentuk penghambaan, mengeluarkan zakat sebagai wujud kepedulian kepada sesama, melaksanakan haji sebagai wujud perjalanan mencapai ridhanya, dan mengerjakan puasa sebagai bentuk pengendalian diri dan hawa nafsu. Dan, jalan menuju Allah itu, dalam ilmu tasawuf disebut dengan tarekat (thoriqah). Para pengikut tarekat ini biasanya dibimbing oleh seorang guru pembimbing yang disebut dengan mursyid. Bimbingan dilakukan secara rutin dan bertahap melalui maqamat (cara dalam menempuh jalan kesufian) dan ahwal (keadaan mental) hingga akhirnya dekat dengan Allah SWT.

Dalam ilmu tasawuf, untuk mencapai derajat kewalian (kekasih Allah), sebagaimana dijelaskan Syekh Zainuddin bin Abdul Aziz al-Malibari, dalam kitabnya Kifayat al-Atqiya' harus melalui empat tahapan, yakni syariat, tarekat, hakikat, dan makrifat. Syariat adalah unsur pokok untuk menuju tingkat selanjutnya. Syariat ini meliputi hal-hal pokok dalam ajaran Islam, seperti shalat, zakat, puasa, dan haji. Dan, syariat tidak boleh ditinggalkan oleh mutashawwifin (pelaku tasawuf). Dalam pandangan al-Ghazali, tarekat tanpa syariat maka tasawuf menjadi batal. ''Sesungguhnya hakikat tanpa syariat adalah batal dan syariat tanpa hakikat maka tidak berarti.''

Dalam keterangan lainnya, al-Ghazali menambahkan, ''Orang yang mengatakan bahwa hakikat berlawanan dengan syariat dan batin bertentangan dengan lahir, berarti ia lebih dekat pada kekufuran.''

Maksudnya adalah orang yang mengikuti tarekat tanpa memahami syariat maka jalannya belum benar. Karena itu, dia harus memahami secara mendalam masalah syariat. Dan, antara syariat, tarekat, serta hakikat tidak boleh saling bertentangan. Artinya, bila ada seorang mursyid (guru tarekat) yang mengajarkan kepada muridnya bahwa sudah tidak perlu lagi mengerjakan shalat, haji, puasa, dan zakat. Maka, hal itu bertentangan dengan syariat.

Rasulullah SAW pernah bersabda bahwa sebagai seorang manusia pilihan dan dijamin oleh Allah SWT akan surga, beliau masih mengerjakan shalat, puasa, zakat, dan berhaji. Karena itu, sangat tidak logis apabila ada orang yang meminta pengikutnya untuk tidak perlu lagi mengerjakan syariat, karena merasa sudah mencapai tingkatan selanjutnya. Ini adalah pandangan yang salah.

Wirid dan zikir
Dalam menjembatani hubungan kedekatan antara hamba dan Allah, syariat merupakan jalan pertama yang harus ditempuh seorang salik (pengikut tasawuf). Sebab, syariat merupakan fondasi agama Islam.

Bila fondasi sudah kuat, barulah kemudian didirikan bangunan-bangunan di atasnya, seperti tiang-tiang penyangga agar makin memperkokoh sebuah bangunan. Artinya, apa yang dikerjakan oleh seseorang yang belajar tasawuf hendaknya bersandar pada ajaran Alquran dan Hadis Nabi SAW.

Oleh karena itu, tarekat merupakan jalan atau petunjuk dalam melaksanakan suatu ibadah sesuai dengan ajaran Alquran dan Rasulullah SAW, sebagaimana dicontohkan sahabat, tabiin hingga bersambung pada guru-guru tarekat.

Syekh Zainuddin al-Malibari menjelaskan tarekat adalah menjalankan amal yang lebih baik, berhati-hati, dan tidak memilih kemurahan (keringanan) syara', seperti sifat wara' serta ketetapan hati yang kuat layaknya latihan-latihan jiwa.

Jadi, singkatnya, syariat merupakan peraturan, tarekat adalah pelaksanaannya, sedangkan hakikat merupakan keadaan, dan makrifat tujuan akhir.

Dalam tarekat ini, umumnya para salik membaca wirid dan zikir yang diajarkan oleh mursyid-nya. Seperti dijelaskan di atas, wirid dan zikir tersebut tetap bersumber dari Alquran maupun Sunah Rasulullah SAW sebagaimana yang diajarkan beliau kepada para sahabatnya. Dan, zikir atau wirid tersebut umumnya berupa tasbih, tahlil, tahmid, takbir, asma al-Husna (nama-nama Allah yang baik dan indah), serta bacaan doa-doa yang terdapat dalam Alquran maupun yang diajarkan Nabi Muhammad SAW.

Dalam perkembangannya, tarekat ini terus berkembang. Hingga saat ini, terdapat puluhan tarekat yang mu'tabarah (diakui dan terkenal), antara lain, Qadiriyah, Naqsabandiyah, Syattariyah, Sammaniyah, Rifa'iyyah, Tijaniyah, Shiddiqiyah, dan Khalwatiyah. sya


Perkembangan Tarekat di Dunia Islam

Tarekat pertama kali muncul pada abad ke-6 dan 7 Hijriah, ketika tasawuf menempati posisi penting dalam kehidupan umat Islam dan dijadikan sebagai falsafah hidup. Pada periode ini, tasawuf memiliki aturan, prinsip, dan sistem khusus. Sedangkan, sebelumnya tasawuf dipraktikkan secara individual tanpa adanya ikatan satu sama lain.

Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, tarekat menjadi semacam organisasi atau perguruan dan kegiatannya pun semakin meluas, tidak terbatas hanya pada zikir dan wirid atau amalan-amalan tertentu saja. Bahkan, ada beberapa tarekat yang melibatkan diri dalam kegiatan politik, seperti Tarekat Sanusiyah yang menentang penjajahan Italia di Libya, Tarekat Tijaniyah yang menentang penjajahan Prancis di Afrika Utara, dan Tarekat Safawiyah yang melahirkan kerajaan Safawi di Persia (Iran).

Selanjutnya, tarekat makin berkembang secara luas di berbagai belahan dunia. Beberapa yang terkenal adalah Qadiriyah, Naqsyabandiyah, Syattariyah, Rifaiyyah, Tijaniyah, dan Sammaniyah. Dan di Indonesia sendiri, terdapat asosiasi atau organisasi yang membawahi tarekat yang mu'tabar (terkenal dan diakui). Organisasi ini bernama Jam'iyyah Ahl al-Thariqah al-Mu'tabarah Indonesia (Jatmi) dan Jam'iyyah Ahl al-Thariqah al-Mu'tabarah al-Nahdliyyah. Organisasi tarekat yang kedua ini menaungi sejumlah tarekat yang berafiliasi pada organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Adapun Mudir 'Aam (Ketua Umumnya) adalah KH Habib Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya, tinggal di Pekalongan.

Beberapa tarekat yang dikenal di dunia Islam.

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NO NAMA TAREKAT PENDIRI BERPUSAT DI
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1. Adhamiyah Ibrahim bin Adham Damaskus Suriah
2. Ahmadiyah Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiah India
3. Alawiyah Abu Abbas Ahmad
bin Mustafa al-Alawi Mostaghanem Aljazair
4. Alwaniyah Syekh Alwan Jeddah Arab Saudi
5. Ammariyah Ammar Bu Senna Constantine Aljazair
6. Asyaqiyah Hasanuddin Istanbul Turki
7. Asyrafiyah Asyraf Rumi Chin Iznik Turki
8. Babayyah Abdul Ghani Adrianopel Turki
9. Bahramiyah Hajji Bahrami Ankara Turki
10.Bakriyah Abu Bakar Wafai Aleppo Suriah
11. Bektasyi Bektasyi Veli Kir Sher Turki
12. Bustamiyah Abu yazid al-Bustami Jabal Bistam Iran
13. Gulsyaniyah Ibrahim Gulsyani Kairo Mesir
14. Haddadiyah Sayid Abdullah bin Alawi
bin Muhammad al-Haddad Hijaz Arab Saudi
15. Idrisiyah Sayid Ahmad bin Idris
bin Muhammad bin Ali Asir Arab Saudi
16. Ighitbasyiyah Syamsuddin Magnesia Yunani
17. Jalwatiyah Pir Uftadi Brusa Turki
18. Jamaliyah Jamaluddin Istanbul Turki
19. Kabrawiyah Najmuddin Khurasan Iran
20. Khalwatiyah Umar al-Khalwati Kayseri Turki
21. Maulawiyah Jalaluddin ar-Rumi Konya Anatolia
22. Muradiyah Murad Syami Istanbul Turki
23. Naqsyabandiyah Muhammad bin Muhammad bin
al-uwaisi al-Bukhari
al-Naqsyabandi Qadri Arifan Turki
24. Niyaziyah Muhammad Niyaz Lemnos Turki
25. Ni'matallahiyah Syah Wali Ni'matallah Kirman Iran
26. Nurbakhsyiyah Muhammad Nurbakh Khurasan Iran
27. Nuruddiniyah Nuruddin Istanbul Turki
28. Rifaiyyah Sayid Ahmad Rifai Baghdad Irak
29. Sadiyah Sa'duddin Jibawi Damaskus Irak
30. Safawiyah Safiuddin Ardebil Turki
31. Sammaniyah Muhammad bin Samman al-Madani Madinah Arab Saudi
32. Sanusiyah Sidi Muhammad bin
Ali al-Sanusi Tripoli Libanon
33. Saqatiyah Sirri Saqati Baghdad Irak
34. Shiddiqiyah Kyai Muchtar Mukti Jombang Indonesia
35. Sinan Ummiyah Alim Sinan Ummi Awali Turki
36. Suhrawardiyah Syihabuddin Abu Hafs Umar
bin Abdullah as-Suhrawardi Baghdad Irak
37. Sunbuliyah Sunbul Yusuf Bulawi Istanbul Turki
38. Syamsiyah Syamsuddin Madinah Arab Saudi
39. Syattariyah Abdullah al-Syattar India
40. Syaziliyah Abul Hasan Ali Al-Syazili Makkah Arab Saudi
41. Qadiriyah Abdul Qadir al-Jailani Baghdad Irak
42. Tijaniyah Abul Abbas Ahmad bin
Muhammad At-Tijani Fes Maroko
43. Umm Sunaniyah Syekh Umm Sunan Istanbul Turki
44. Wahabiyah Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Nejd Arab Saudi
45. Zainiyah Zainuddin Kufah Irak

Masihkah kita jengkel

📚✍
*_____________ -﷽-_____________*


*Masihkah kita sering jengkel pada yang tdak sepaham dengan kita ?*


     Kejengkelan kita, kekesalan kita pada yang tdak sepaham dengan kita itu di sebabkan kita tdak memandang Af'al,  perbuatan Allah, pada setiap kejadian.

     Perbedaan itu *keniscayaan,* siapa yang sanggup menghentikan malam dan menghentikan siang.
Itu semua di sebabkan hati kita yang selalu merasa benar, maka harus kita perbaiki.sebab masih banyak yang bengkok dalam ketdaksadaran. janganlah selalu di kuasai perasaan dan ingin selalu di manja.


🍃  *Bila hati telah menyatu, tiada yang buruk dalam lubuk hatiku.*


🍃  Semua baik jika jernih hatimu, ketidak sepahaman adalah berkah, *agar engkau selalu selaras dengan Raja semesta alam.*
 

     ```Bagaimana engkau akan sampai padanya jika hatimu sibuk dengan makluk.```

 •┈┈┈┈•••✦ 🌿✦•••┈┈┈┈•